Learning

Mechanisms of Toxicity of Chemical Pollutants

Fundamentals of Toxicology → Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defense

This advanced learning path provides a systematic understanding of how chemical pollutants exert toxic effects, from dose-response relationships and toxicokinetics to biotransformation, target organ toxicity, and risk assessment. Designed for university students in biology or chemistry, it integrates biochemistry and toxicology to explain the molecular and physiological basis of chemical toxicity.