Learning

Seismic Refraction for Near-Surface Characterization

Basics of Wave Propagation → Limitations and Alternatives

This learning path guides geophysics students through the principles and practical application of seismic refraction methods for subsurface characterization. Starting with fundamental wave physics and progressing through head-wave theory, travel-time analysis, and velocity modeling, it culminates in interpreting refraction data for near-surface investigations. The path emphasizes the physical basis of refraction and the interpretation techniques used to derive subsurface velocity models.